Policy making and implementation involves interaction and conflict among individuals and groups who struggle for power, representing different viewpoints and interests. All forms of political involvement potentially involve citizens with public policy. These are depicted in Figure 2. These activities operate to influence policy makers via the activities of linkage institutions (as depicted in Figure 1) – interest groups, political parties and elections, and the media.
Figure 3. Options for involvement in the political process. (pdf) From J. Tucker (1974). The Experience of Politics: You and American Government. New York: Harper & Row. (p. 200)
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